Efeitos de diferentes intervalos de recuperação no desempenho muscular isocinético em idosos / Effects of different rest intervals on isokinetic muscle performance among older adults

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos de diferentes intervalos de recuperação (IR) entre séries de contração isocinética no desempenho muscular em idosos. MÉTODOS: Vinte idosos voluntários (66,9±3,9 anos, 76,1±13,4kg, 169±5,2cm) foram submetidos a três sessões de exercício resistido isocinético unilateral da musculatura extensora do joelho com diferentes IR (1 minuto, 2 minutos, e 3 minutos) na velocidade de 60°•s-1. Cada sessão consistia em três séries de 10 repetições durante as quais foram avaliados o pico de torque (PT), trabalho total (TT) e índice de fadiga (IF). ANOVA fatorial para medidas repetidas, com a análise de Post hoc por Bonferroni, foi utilizada para identificar possíveis diferenças entre os IR. O nível de significância estatístico utilizado foi de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho muscular entre as 1as séries nos diferentes IR (p>0,05). Apesar de ter sido observado menor desempenho muscular na 3ª série em todos os IR, maiores quedas no PT, TT e IF foram observadas quando adotado o IR de 1minuto (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que a variável IR exerce importante influência sobre o desempenho muscular isocinético em idosos, principalmente a partir da 3ª série, o que sugere incrementos no IR à medida que séries subsequentes forem executadas durante a mesma sessão de exercícios.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different rest intervals (RI) between sets of isokinetic contractions on muscle performance in older adults. METHODS: Twenty older participants (66.9±3.9 years; 76.1±13.4kg; 169±5.2cm) underwent three sessions of unilateral isokinetic training for the knee extensor muscles, with different RI (1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes) at an angular velocity of 60°•s-1. Each session consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions, during which the peak torque (PT), total work (TW) and fatigue index (FI) were evaluated. Factorial ANOVA for repeated measurements, with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis, was used to identify possible differences between the RI. The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: No differences in muscle performance during the first sets were observed between the different RI (p>0.05). Although muscle performance was lower during the third sets with all RI, the greatest decreases in PT, TW and FI occurred with the 1 minute RI (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the RI variable has an important influence on isokinetic muscle performance in older adults, particularly from the third sets onwards, which suggests that RI should be increased as successive sets are performed within the same exercise session.

Vicilins (7S storage globulins) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds bind to chitinous structures of the midgut of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) larvae

The presence of chitin in midgut structures of Callosobruchus maculatus larvae was shown by chemical and immunocytochemical methods. Detection by Western blotting of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seed vicilins (7S storage proteins) bound to these structures suggested that C. maculatus-susceptible vicilins presented less staining when compared to C. maculatus-resistant vicilins. Storage proteins present in the microvilli in the larval midgut of the bruchid were recognized by immunolabeling of vicilins in the appropriate sections with immunogold conjugates. These labeling sites coincided with the sites labeled by an anti-chitin antibody. These results, taken together with those previously published showing that the lower rates of hydrolysis of variant vicilins from C. maculatus-resistant seeds by the insect's midgut proteinases and those showing that vicilins bind to chitin matrices, may explain the detrimental effects of variant vicilins on the development of C. maculatus larvae

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) seed coat phaseolin is detrimental to the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus)

The presence of phaseolin (a vicilin-like 7S storage globulin) peptides in the seed coat of the legume Phaseolus lunatus L. (lima bean) was demonstrated by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Utilizing an artificial seed system assay we showed that phaseolin, isolated from both cotyledon and testa tissues of P. lunatus, is detrimental to the nonhost bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (cowpea weevil) with ED50 of 1.7 and 3.5 percent, respectively. The level of phaseolin in the seed coat (16.7 percent) was found to be sufficient to deter larval development of this bruchid. The expression of a C. maculatus-detrimental protein in the testa of nonhost seeds suggests that the protein may have played a significant role in the evolutionary adaptation of bruchids to legume seeds

Fungal infection in single and bilateral lung transplantation: report of 17 cases in 42 consecutive recipients

We reviewed the frequency and type of fungal infections in patients undergoing lung transplantation at Pavilhäo Pereira Filho Hospital between may 1989 and january 1995. Among the 42 lung transplant recipients studies, 17 ( 40 por cento ) had histologic diagnosis of fungal infection: aspergillosis 8 casos, candidosis 6 cases, and aspergillosis combined with candidosis 3 cases. Among all fungal infections, 47 por cento ( 8 of 17 cases ) occurred in the first month after transplantation, and 82 por cento occurred within the first six months after the transplant. The diagnosis was done during life in candidosis in 77 por cento of patients by transbronchial biopsy. However, aspergillosis was revealed in autopsy material in 82 por cento of cases. Most of the patients with candidosis had a local infection in the transplanted lung. On the contrary, in aspergillosis patients 88 por cento had the mycosis in the native lung

Chitin-binding proteins from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds

Vicilins (7S storage proteins) from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and other legume seeds were shown to bind to chitin, to regenerated chitin (fully acetylated chitin) and to chitosan (deacetylated chitin). Adsorbed vicilins were desorbed from these matrices by acetic and hydrochloric acids and by highly polymerized soluble chitosan. Proteins such as the lectin of common bean (PHA), soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz), a beta-1,3-glucanase from cowpea seeds, bovine pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin, chicken ovalbumin, serum albumin and rabbit-gamma- globulin did not bind. The present result is the first description of vicilin binding to chitin but other proteins, such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a lectin that contains the so called "chitin-binding domain", and a chitinase isolated from cowpea seeds, which are involved in the defense mechanisms of plants against insects and fungi, were also shown to bind to chitin as previously reported. The binding of vicilins to chitin is probably effected not through a "chitin-binding domain" because they do not share this sequence with the defense-related proteins cited above. We propose that this association of vicilins with chitin may be related to the effect of variant vicilins on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus (bruchid) in resistant cowpea seeds.

Purification and properties of storage proteins (vicilins) from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds which are susceptible or resistant to the bruchid beethe Callosobruchus maculatus

Vicilins (7S storage proteins) from seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars which are susceptible or resistant to the bruchil veetle C. maculatus were purified by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. The vicilins were partially characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both denaturing and non-denaturing conditions, by Western blotting and by amino acid analysis. The variant vicilins from C. maculatus-resistant seeds do not differ appreciably from vicilins from susceptible seeds by these criteria except that they are more strongly bound to DEAE-Sepharose, suggesting differences in charge between the various molecules